WiFI SDIO Broadcom, Infineon 43455, Notes to learn from for FreeBSD / GhostBSD-Arm64
WiFI SDIO Broadcom, Infineon 43455, Notes to learn from for FreeBSD / GhostBSD-Arm64
WiFi
WiFi needs three firmware files from in /lib/firmware/brcm/:
brcmfmac43455-sdio.bin brcmfmac43455-sdio.clm_blob brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt
Which is almost but not quite the same as the Pi3. The catch is in brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt where grep boardflags3 produces different results for the Pi3 and Pi4 files.
The Pi4 version returns boardflags3=0x44200100 The Pi3 version returns boardflags3=0x48200100
With the wrong brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt file, bluetooth will work but not WiFi.
These files, including the Pi 4 version of above file, are found in sys-firmware/raspberrypi-wifi-ucode, to install it you'll also need to install sys-kernel/linux-firmware with the savedconfig USE flag and remove the conflicting files from the saved configuration, and then re-emerge linux-firmware to apply the new de-conflicted saved configuration:
/lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43430-sdio.bin /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43430-sdio.txt /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43436-sdio.bin /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43436-sdio.clm_blob /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43436-sdio.txt /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.bin /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.clm_blob /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43456-sdio.bin /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43456-sdio.clm_blob /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43456-sdio.txt
https://openwrt.org/toh/raspberry_pi_foundation/raspberry_pi
Wireless Country Code
Setting the Country Code under Network → Wireless in LuCI does not work with the Raspberry Pi, you will need to set the country code in the latest Raspberry Pi OS. Then you can go back to OpenWrt where the new country code will be used. Starting with Raspberry Pi 3 B+, the on-board WiFi won't even start if there is no country code.
Updating the WiFi firmware
The following is only necessary prior to OpenWrt 21.02.3 as per this pull request.
With older versions of OpenWrt with the Pi 4B, you may have trouble connecting to the higher 5 GHz channels. For example, I was able to scan for and connect to an 802.11ac wireless network on channel 44 but not on channel 153. The logs were also flooded with `daemon.warn wpa_supplicant[681]: wlan0: Failed to initiate sched scan`.
Updating the firmware files in `/lib/firmware/brcm/` fixed this problem. The latest firmware files can be downloaded from the linux-firmware repository:
- https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/plain/cypress/cyfmac43455-sdio.bin (rename to `brcmfmac43455-sdio.bin`)
- https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/plain/cypress/cyfmac43455-sdio.clm_blob (rename to `brcmfmac43455-sdio.clm_blob`)
New, working:
# sha256sum <files> d408faa9d0d5b1a2f9912dcea53ab0be48217288e398406d117f0edafe7c3edd brcmfmac43455-sdio.bin 15f50a27020b263d1bea215c8f68d0550d912932d1d9ef19ffd59f18d82dd460 brcmfmac43455-sdio.clm_blob edb6f4e4fb19e18940004124feb4ffe160d72fc607243a07a4480338a28b2748 brcmfmac43455-sdio.raspberrypi,4-model-b.txt # dmesg | grep 'Firmware: BCM4345/6' [162004.725511] brcmfmac: brcmf_c_preinit_dcmds: Firmware: BCM4345/6 wl0: Apr 15 2021 03:03:20 version 7.45.234 (4ca95bb CY) FWID 01-996384e2
Place these files at this location in the FreeBSD / GhostBSD-Arm64 file tree:
/boot/firmware ??? check where it should go, ok?
https://pinout.xyz/pinout/sdio SDIO Pinout Table for 40 pin header on Raspi4B
SDIO WiFi pinout for Raspberry Pi 4B board
GPIO 22 CLK pin 15GPIO 23 CMD pin 16GPIO 24 DAT0 pin 18GPIO 25 DAT1 pin 22GPIO 26 DAT2 pin 37GPIO 27 DAT3 pin 13I believe these pins interfere with the ALT4 JTAG pinout. Select ALT5 JTAG Pinout?https://lairdcp.github.io/guides/Sterling-60-Tutorials/1.0/raspberry-pi-wifi-bt.html
Great Hardware pictures of connecting an external Radio to the SDIO GPIO pins,
GPIO 17 as the select enable HIGH (1) pin for the radio.
Preparation
The Raspberry Pi offers a neat way to disable and enable on board hardware with overlays.
To do so, edit the file /boot/config.txt on the SD card you just prepared and add this to the end of the file:
#to disable on-board Wifi
dtoverlay=disable-wifi
#to enable SDIO lines for Wifi module on GPIO pins 22-27 (default) at
low speed (2MHz) to accomodate for \"loose\" wiring
dtoverlay=sdio,sdio_overclock=2,poll_once=off
Important: Reboot the device for the changes to take effect.
For reference: https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/blob/master/boot/overlays/README
Further reading
===============
This is only meant to be a quick introduction to the subject of Device Tree on
Raspberry Pi. There is a more complete explanation here:
http://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/device-tree.md
http://blog.khubla.com/freebsd/the-freebsd-fdt-the-raspberry-pi-spi
FreeBSD Flat Device Tree FDT for the raspberry pi spi pins.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://community.silabs.com/s/article/linux-sdio-detection&ved=2ahUKEwiRtOCNk7yFAxXPMzQIHV-FDXg4FBAWegQIIRAB&usg=AOvVaw2TsxBoCVEn6UwpGmcQjtT1
https://vitaminac.github.io/RaspberryPi4B-Setup/ Great Rpi4B SOC Diagram, SDIO & WIFI
Buy a Raspberry Pi 4B
You can buy the Raspberry Pi 4B board on Amazon, the recommended version is 4 GB. You may also need to buy a SD card, and optional case with fan.
Choose SD Card
Raspberry Pi has no internal storage, relying instead on a removable micro SD card as his primary boot drives. Raspberry Pi 3 doesn’t support UHS mode because it requires 1.8v signaling while Raspberry Pi 3 is fixed at 3.3v. This is technically the upper bound of write speed (25MB/sec) for non-UHS SD cards. Now Raspberry Pi 4B provides a SD card socket runs on DDR50 bus speed mode and a legacy SDIO interface is available on the GPIO pins.
5.1.4 SD/SDIO Interface
The Pi4B has a dedicated SD card socket which supports 1.8V, DDR50 mode (at a peak bandwidth of
50 Megabytes / sec). In addition, a legacy SDIO interface is available on the GPIO pins.
https://pinout.xyz/pinout/sdio
https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-SDIO_platform_support_guide-UserManual-v01_00-EN.pdf?fileId=8ac78c8c8c3de074018c8ba3a9973619
https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/ SDIO card specification
https://forum.odroid.com/viewtopic.php?t=38124 ESP8089 WifiBoard and DTS files, Kicad PCB fil
Pictures, Schematics, etc
Re: Re-enabling SDIO Port?
It looks your dts is OK.
Which type of sdio device do you use?
If it supports SDIO2.0, you need to add cap-sd-highspeed; in sdio dts to support max 50MHz.
or for SDIO3.0, needs sd-uhs-sdr104.
For example, to support sdio2.0 (max 50MHz)...
Code: Select all
&sdio {
bus-width = <4>;
supports-sdio;
cap-sd-highspeed;
ignore-pm-notify;
keep-power-in-suspend;
status = "okay";
};
Code: Select all
[ 1.737171] dwmmc_rockchip ff380000.dwmmc: 1 slots initialized
[ 1.789572] mmc1: queuing unknown CIS tuple 0x01 (3 bytes)
[ 1.799561] mmc_host mmc0: Bus speed (slot 0) = 150000000Hz (slot req 150000000Hz, actual 150000000HZ div = )
[ 1.814911] mmc1: queuing unknown CIS tuple 0x1a (5 bytes)
[ 1.826651] mmc1: queuing unknown CIS tuple 0x1b (8 bytes)
[ 1.827711] mmc_host mmc1: Bus speed (slot 0) = 50000000Hz (slot req 50000000Hz, actual 50000000HZ div = 0)
[ 1.878256] mmc1: queuing unknown CIS tuple 0x80 (1 bytes)
[ 1.878329] mmc1: queuing unknown CIS tuple 0x81 (1 bytes)
[ 1.878399] mmc1: queuing unknown CIS tuple 0x82 (1 bytes)
[ 1.878439] mmc1: new high speed SDIO card at address 0001
Code: Select all
# cat /sys/kernel/debug/mmc1/ios
clock: 50000000 Hz
vdd: 21 (3.3 ~ 3.4 V)
bus mode: 2 (push-pull)
chip select: 0 (don't care)
power mode: 2 (on)
bus width: 2 (4 bits)
timing spec: 2 (sd high-speed)
signal voltage: 0 (3.30 V)
driver type: 0 (driver type B)
https://bootlin.com/blog/enabling-new-hardware-on-raspberry-pi-with-device-tree-overlays/
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/computers/configuration.html#ensure-wireless-operation
Source Code for SDIO 4-bit wifi driver can be found in OpenBSD github source code.
April 21, 2025 New Code URL links and miscellaneous stuff https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/rpi4-wifi-driver.80426/SDIO integration https://freebsdfoundation.org/project/sdio-integration/ There is a device driver for the RPI4 CYW43455 wifi chip, from OpenBSD, then developed further by NetBSD.
I have absolutely never done this before, but here are some references, there are probably people porting this driver to FreeBSD currently (or possibly developing one on their own) :
Writing FreeBSD Device Drivers
Cypress CYW43455 single-chip device
Simple I/O device driver for RaspberryPi This URL has a great written article on the GPIO Input / Output pins with a Linux Device Driver. Learn for us in FreeBSD device driver.
BWFM(4) NetBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual
NetBSD src code search on github
NetBSD cvsweb driver src code
Openbsd BWFM manual page https://man.openbsd.org/bwfm 
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